环境对于人们生活居住的环境影响可是不容小觑的，除了影响人们日常出行，生活习惯等等，还对施工时选用的防水材料有诸多影响，比如很多防水材料是不适合在冬季施工的。
The environment for people living environment but can not be underestimated, in addition to affect people's daily travel, life habits and so on, but also has many effects on the construction of waterproof material selection, such as a lot of waterproof material is not suitable for the construction in winter.
我国地域辽阔，南北气温高低悬殊，南方有些地区夏季气温达四十余度，持续数日，暴露在屋面的防水层，长时间的暴晒，防水性能加速衰退。选用的材料应是耐紫外线强的，软化点高的防水材料。
China's vast territory, north-south temperature disparity between high and low temperatures in summer, some areas in the South more than forty degrees last for a few days, exposed roof waterproofing layer, long time exposure, waterproof performance accelerated decline. Materials should be UV resistant, softening point high waterproof material.
南方多雨，北方多雪，西部干旱
The south is rainy, the north is snowy, and the west is dry
年降雨量在1000㎜以上的约有15个省市自治区，阴雨连绵的日子的里，屋面始终是湿漉漉的，排水不畅甚至会有积水，一连数月不干，浸泡着防水层。耐水性不好的涂料，易发生再乳化或水化还原反应；不耐水泡的粘结剂，严重降低粘结强度，使粘结合缝的高分子卷材开裂，特别是内排水的天沟，会因长时间积水浸泡而渗漏。为此应选用耐水的防水材料，比如玻纤胎、聚酯胎的改性沥青卷材或耐水的胶粘剂粘合高分子卷材。
Annual rainfall of 1000 mm more than about 15 provinces and autonomous regions, rainy days, the roof is always wet, poor drainage may even have water for months, not dry, soaked with waterproof layer. Poor water resistance coating, easy re emulsified or hydration reduction reaction; binder not resistant to blisters, severely reduces the bonding strength, the bonding seam cracking in polymer membranes, especially within the drainage gutter, due to long time soaking and leakage. To this end, waterproof waterproof materials should be selected, such as glass fiber tire, polyester tire modified asphalt membrane or waterproof adhesive adhesive polymer coil.
至于干旱少雨的西北地区，蒸发量远大于降雨量，常常雨后不见屋檐水。这些地区显然对防水的要求有所降低，二级建筑作一道设防也能满足防水要求，如果作好保护层，达到耐用年限是完全没有问题的。
As for the arid northwest areas, the evaporation is much greater than the rainfall, and the eaves are often not seen after the rain. These areas obviously waterproof requirements have been reduced, two building a fortification, but also to meet the waterproof requirements, if the protection layer, to reach the durability of the year is no problem.
严寒多雪地区，有些防水材料经不住低温冻胀收缩的循环变化，短时间内就会发生老化断裂。一年中有四五个月被皑皑的白雪覆盖，雪水长久浸渍防水层，同时雪融又结冰，抗冻性不强、耐水不良胶粘剂，在这种恶劣的天下都会变的不堪一击。
In cold and snowy areas, some waterproof materials can not withstand the cyclic changes of frost heaving and freezing at low temperature. Four or five months of the year are covered with white snow, snow long impregnation waterproof layer, and snow melting and freezing, frost resistance is not strong, poor waterproof adhesive, cannot withstand a single blow in this harsh world will change.
除了材料的选择受地域影响，防水施工的季节选择也是不能忽视的。在寒冷的冬季，水溶性涂料不能使用，胶粘剂在5℃时即会降低粘接性能，在零下的温度下更不能施工。设计时是夏天，施工时是三九，胶粘剂遇混凝土而冻凝，丧失粘合力。自粘防水卷材合缝粘不住，致使施工失败，耽延工期，浪费材料和人工。在东北，有些工程夏天施工了低温指标不高的防水材料，但到了严寒的冬季，这些竣工的防水层，经受不住冻胀冷缩的摧残，过早废败。设计时应注意了解选用材料的适应温度。
In addition to the choice of materials affected by the region, the seasonal choice of waterproof construction can not be ignored. In the cold winter, water soluble paint can not be used, adhesives at 5 degrees will reduce the adhesive properties, at subzero temperatures can not be more construction. The design is in summer, when construction is 39, in case of concrete freezing adhesive, adhesion loss. Linking self-adhesive membrane not stick, resulting in the failure of construction, time delay, waste materials and labor. In the northeast, some projects in the summer construction of low temperature indicators are not high waterproof materials, but in the cold winter, these completed waterproof layer can not withstand frost and frost damage, premature failure. Design should pay attention to the selection of materials to adapt to the temperature.
防水工程施工质量控制要点
Key points of construction quality control of waterproof project
1.屋顶基层及环境条件的质量控制
1. quality control of roof base and environmental conditions
屋顶防水施工要保证其质量，必须从屋顶各构造层做起，无论何种防水材料，都要求基层表面达到清洁、干燥、施工温度适合的条件。混凝土强度符合设计要求，灌缝密实，隔气层涂刷厚薄均匀，不见白露底；保温层按设计要求铺筑，准确控制厚度、坡度，保证排水顺畅；找平层施工前应做标高基准点，基面层表面应压实、平整，二次压光，充分养护，不得有疏松、起砂现象。
Roof waterproof construction to ensure its quality, must start from the roof of the structure layer, no matter what kind of waterproof material, requires the grass-roots surface to clean, dry, construction temperature suitable conditions. The concrete strength meet the design requirements, filling density, gas barrier coating thickness uniformity, no end; the insulation layer according to the design requirements of paving thickness, slope, accurate control, ensure smooth drainage; leveling layer construction should be done before the elevation datum surface should be compacted and smooth, two times of light pressure, full there shall be no maintenance, and loose sand phenomenon.
2.施工工序过程质量监控
2. quality control during construction process
对防水基层、防水层各层次的施工，制定好各道防水施工前的验收制度，严格按隐蔽工程验收程序组织验收，在重点工序和重点部位作好旁站监理。严格检查各项技术资料是否符合标准要求，重视施工技术资料的收集，做好施工日志、旁站记录及隐蔽工程验收记录。凡是技术资料不完善、施工质量不符合标准要求的，不得进行下道工序施工。同时推行样板引路的方法，即样板经甲方、监理、业主、设计认可后，再扩大范围施工，以进一步完善施工组织设计方案，做到有效控制。
The construction of various waterproof base layer, waterproof layer, making a good acceptance system the waterproof construction, in strict accordance with the concealed engineering acceptance procedures for organizational acceptance, on-site supervision in key process and key parts. Strict inspection of the technical data whether meet the standard requirements, pay attention to the construction technology of data collection, construction log, on-site records and concealed work acceptance record. If the technical data is not perfect and the quality of construction does not meet the requirements of the standards, the construction of the next working procedure shall not be carried out. At the same time, the implementation of "model leading the way", that is, the model by Party A, supervision, owners, design approval, and then expand the scope of construction, in order to further improve the construction organization design program, so as to effectively control.
3.加强细部构造的质量控制
3. strengthen the quality control of detail construction
接茬处、阴阳角，以及建筑变形缝、后浇带、穿墙管、女儿墙体、雨水口等节点，是容易造成屋面渗漏的重要部位。这些重点和节点部位的施工质量是监理工作的重点， 必须采取主动控制、动态管理与旁站相结合的方法，在浇筑混凝土前须对变形缝处止水带、后浇带处模板、穿墙管的固定等认真检查验收。屋面防水施工时，先要求做好节点、附加层和屋面排水较集中部位的处理，然后由屋面最低标高处向上施工，对搭接、粘贴顺序、搭接长度、宽度，女儿墙泛水高度，压边处理等均进行检查验收，以确保细部构造的防水质量。
Jiecha, yin and Yang, and the building deformation joint and post pouring belt, wall pipe, wall, daughter of the rain mouth such as node, is an important part of the cause of roof leakage. The construction quality of these key nodes and location is the key work of supervision, must adopt the method of active control, dynamic management and supervision combined, before pouring concrete to deform joint waterstop, post cast strip template, wall pipe fixed check acceptance. Roof waterproof construction, first required to do the processing nodes, additional layer and roof drainage concentrated area, and the lowest standard height to roof construction, on lap, lap length, paste sequence, width, height of parapet flashing, blankholding processing have been carried out inspection and acceptance, to ensure the waterproof quality of the detail structure.